Chimney.



- R. B. HARTMAN.

CHIMNEY.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 21, 1908.

Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

RUDOLPH B. HARTMAN, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

CHIMNEY.

Continuation of application Serial No. 288,068, filed November 18, 1905.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

This application filed March 21,

1908. Serial No. 422,536.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH B. HAn'r- MAN, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, have invented a Chimney, of which the following is a specification. v The object of this invent-ion is to avo d certain difficulties in the construction of chimneys which arise from the fact that theinterior and exterior are often at very unequal temperatures, and the constant variation of temperature of the interior tends ultimately to disintegrate the material of the chimney, even where the stresses thereby created-are not suflicient to actually disrupt it. --I further aim by my construction to pro duce a chimney with an effective heat insulation which shall confine the heat of the chimney gases, thereby operating to in crease their efficiency.

It is a well-known fact that masonry and concrete-chimneys are frequently burst asunder ext'eriorly by the expansion of the chimney internally without any corresponding expansion externally, due to the overheating of the interior caused by the flue gases, especially if the chimney be thlck; this effect producing great longitudinal cracks and in some cases acting to throw the chimney out of plumb. Various expedients have been adopted to prevent this effect, generally however with the effect of much increasing the complexity, bulk, and corresponding cost of the chimney. According to my construction a chimney may be constructed entirely free from these defects at a cost very little exceeding that of an ordinary plain chimney.

My chimney is cast monolithically of.

cement concrete or like material; and the principle involved consists, generally speaking, in dividing off thin panels surrounding the flue by means of thln coreplates inserted in the concrete; said panels being effectively separate from the body of the chimney and supported by the latter, and bein so constructed'that they can expand an contract independently of the body of the chimney. The construction whereby said panels are enabled to expand and contract without mutual interference may be carried out by forming lines of attenuation in the panels which divide them effectively one from the other.

The subject matter of the present application was originally disclosed in my United States patent application No. 288,068 for concrete construction, filed Noyember 18, 1905, of which this application 1s a continuation. a

My invention may best be understood from a consideration of the accompanying drawings taken in connection with the fol lowing description thereof; and it is particularly set forth and defined by the claims at the end of this specification.

In the aforesaid drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a square chimney constructed according to my invention, on

the plane indicated by the line '1 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same on the plane indicated by the line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross section of an octagonal chimney constructed according to my invention, with some variation in the details, and Fig. 4 is a cross section of a circular chimney, with some further variation of details.

In these drawings every reference letter and numeral refers always to the same part.

The chimney of Figs. 1 and 2 is supposed to be cast in the usual box-form of rectangular shape and having a rectangular vcore (not here shown) in the center, the

whole resulting in a chimney-body at having a central square flue b. In addition to the central core which forms the flue, four lateral core-plates, two of which are shown at c, are placed on the four sides and parallel thereto, a short distance from the wall of the flue. The edges of these core-plates do not meet at the corners, but leave necks d which serve as supporting means for the lining portion so cut off from the main body of the chimney. To provide for free expansion and contraction, this lining portion is flirthermore divided by lines of attenuation into a series of panels 6, and this may conveniently be carried out by means of a number of triangular wooden strips laid longitudinally upon the central core, which formcorresponding Vshaped grooves or depresbe, desirable (though not essential) to give each transverse band a slight kink or offset j wherever it passes across one of the grooves f.

WVhen the hot gases pass up the chimney, the lining-panels ewill of course become heated thereby and expand inconsequence. The mutual pressure edgewise of the panels against each other therefore causes the concrete composing the same to crack or crumble along the lines of attenuation f, while the panels themselves as a whole will remain intact. The kinks or bends j provide for the expansion and contraction of the metal reinforcing bands. The body of the chimney will not be affected sensibly by the heat of the gases, sinceit will be protected and shielded by the panels 6 of the lining and also by the insulating spaces These lat ter may be either air-spaces, or they can be filled with suitable insulating material, such as sand, asbestos, or mineral wool. Iowever it is not necessary in practice to remove the cores 0 therefrom, provided these are made of material which does not. adhere to the concrete. If of wood, as shown at 0, they will preferably be left in the concrete, and as soon as the chimney becomes heated they will become charred and ultimately carbonized, forming a very good insulating material for the heat. In like manner the triangular strips which form the grooves 7 need not be removed with the main core, as they will quickly be burned out as soon as the chimney is put into use.

In Fig. 3 are shown the same principles as applied to an octagonal chimney a, having a central flue Z) and lining panels c separated from the body a by insulating spaces 2" formed by means of core-plates c. Grooves f" are also shown separating the panelslongitudinally, and a somewhat dif ferent arrangement of reinforcing bands from that of Fig. 2 is used; instead of the individual hoops g surrounding each space 2, two sets of'bands 7a, m, surrounding the central flue are'shown, the former passing within the ring of insulating spaces if and the latter without the same and provided with a series of bights n crossing the'inner bands 70, at each neck 0? between two ad jacent spaces 2', and longitudinal bands h are shown passing through the eyes thus formed. p l p In Fig. lis shown a disposition of circular chimney embodying thesame principle and comprising a body a central flue b lining e and air-spaces 2' The lining e is supported by the necks running between the air spaces 2' and is divided into panels by grooves f which are in this case shown as on the inside of the, panels. In this case, instead of the reinforcing bands k of Fig. 3 I may provide a continuous network of wire'mesh or expanded metal or like material 0 in the lining 6 which may in turn be connected with the body of the chimney by radial reinforcing bars 7), which may also if desired be connected with any circular reinforcement Q in the body of the chimney. In this construction the lining 6 if the ex- )ansion thereof be sufficient ma crack irforcements h, h are in many cases unnecessary and may be omitted.

I w'sh it distinctly understood that my invention does not consist in providing a double-walled chimney with intervening annular cooling flue; Such a construction is old and well-known. So far as my invention is concerned, it is immaterial whether or not the annular spaces 2', or 1? form cooling flues; naturally they would do so if opened throughout their length and at top and bottom, although I deem it preferable to have them closed so that they do not formsuch flues, which cause a needless waste of heat, impairing the efiiciency of the chimney. But my invention does consist in providing a thin insulating lining separated from and supported by the main body of the chimney in substantially separate sections each of which is free to expand and contract individually; and in the method of casting it in concrete, all as hereinbelow set forth in my claims; and I wish it distinctly understood that I fully recognize the possibilities of variations and modifications of the principles herein enunciated, and that the forms shown are but illustrations of a few of the possible formswhich are embraced in the reasonable scope of my claims.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letfrom'the body of the chimney by necks connecting therewith.

2A monolithic concrete chimney formed with walls inclosin a central fluefa lining .on the inner faceo therefrom, and necks connecting said lining said walls spaced apart.

with the walls at intervals; said lining having depressions on the innerside along lines intermediate bet-ween the necks, thereby weakening the lining along said lines and causing the compression and crumbling caused by the expansion of said lining to take place along said lines.

3. A monolithic concrete chimney formed with Walls inclosing a central flue, a lining on the inner face of said walls spaced apart therefrom, and necks connecting said lining with the walls at intervals; said lining being attenuated along lines intermediate between said necks, thereby weakening the lining along said lines and causing the compression and crumbling caused by the expansion of said lining to take place on such lines; in conjunction with insulating material filling the spaces between the lining, walls and necks.

4. A monolithic concrete chimney formed with walls inclosing a central flue, a lining on the inner face of said walls spaced apart therefrom, and necks connecting said lining with the walls at intervals; said lining be ing attenuated along lines intermediate between said necks, thereby weakening the lining along said lines and causing the compression and crumbling caused by the expansion of said lining to take place on such lines; in conjunction with metallic reinforcing members contained in said lining and extending across said lines of attenuation, thereby uniting the lining on opposite sides thereof.

5. As a construction for concrete chimneys, the combination in a single piece of an outer inclosing wall, a lining offset from and parallel to the inner face of said wall, and necks at intervals uniting said lining to said walls; said elements forming closed flat spaces between lining, Wall and necks; and wooden boards built into and filling said closed spaces.

6. As a construction for concrete chimneys, the combination with the inclosing wall of the lining substantially'parallel to and spaced apart from the inner face of said wall, and vertical necks uniting said lining at horizontal intervals to said Wall; said lining being provided between the necks with vertical lines of attenuation.

7. As a construction for concrete chimneys, the combination with an inclosing wall of an inclosing lining substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the inner face of said wall and vertical necks uniting said lining at horizontal intervals to said Wall; said I lining being provided midway between the necks with vertical lines of attenuation permitting a certain amount of bending along such lines as dihedral angles and thereby of corresponding lateral expansion; and me tallic elements embedded in the lining and extending across said lines of attenuation.

8. A monolithic concrete chimney having planks built thereinto, subtending the inter nal faces of the walls of the chimney and inclosed in the'concrete thereof.

9. A monolithic concrete chimney having planks built thereinto, subtending the internal faces of the walls of the chimney and inclosed in the concrete thereof, said planks being separated from each other by intervals filled with concrete forming necks uniting the portions within said planks from the part without, in conjunction with metallic reinforcing bands embedded in said concrete and extending around each of said planks individually.

10. In a chimney, the combination with an outer part thereof of a lining-section subtending and separated from said outer part, except at its edges where it is connected to and supported by said outer part; said lining-section being thinned out or substantially separated along a line between the two points of support, whereby it is divided into two separately expansible panels.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of March, 1908.

RUDOLPH B. HARTMAN.

Witnesses GEORGE WETMORE CoLLEs, MINNIE D. SGHIENBIEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each,-by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

I Washington, D. C. 

